April 2012
These release notes contain information about features and their status in the X.Org Foundation X11R7.7 release.
Table of Contents
This release is the eighth modular release of the X Window System™. The next full release will be X11R7.8 and is expected in 2013.
Unlike X11R1 through X11R6.9, X11R7.x releases are not built from one monolithic source tree, but many individual modules. These modules are distributed as individual source code releases, and each one is released when it is ready, instead of only when the overall window system is ready for release. The X11R7.x releases are made by “rolling up” the individual module releases into a collection that is often affectionately called the “katamari” by the developers.
The X11R7.7 release does not include all of the software formerly included in the previous X Window System releases. It is designed to be a reasonable baseline from which to start when building the window system for the first time for a new installation, distribution, or package set. It does not provide a full desktop environment, expecting a more feature rich set of applications to be installed from one of the several excellent desktop environments available for the X Window System. The X.Org developers continue to maintain and produce new releases of much of the software that was formerly in the main window system releases but is no longer included in the katamari releases, including many of the Athena Widgets desktop applications that were provided as samples in previous window system versions.
Once their window system build is established, most builders watch for announcements of individual module updates on the xorg-announce mailing list and update to those as needed. The X.Org Foundation currently releases the X Window System katamari releases approximately once a year, but many modules, especially the X servers and drivers, are updated more frequently between those releases.
For help with how to build and develop in the modular tree see the Modular Developer's Guide in the X.Org wiki.
We encourage you to report bugs using
freedesktop.org's
bug tracking system using the xorg product, and to
submit bug fixes and enhancements to
<xorg-devel@lists.x.org>.
More details on patch submission and review process are available on the
SubmittingPatches page of the X.Org wiki.
The release numbering is based on the original MIT X numbering system. X11 refers to the version of the network protocol that the X Window system is based on: Version 11 was first released in 1988 and has been stable for nearly 25 years, with only upward compatible additions to the core X protocol, a record of stability envied in computing. Formal releases of X started with X version 9 from MIT; the first commercial X products were based on X version 10. The MIT X Consortium and its successors, the X Consortium, the Open Group X Project Team, and the X.Org Group released versions X11R3 through X11R6.6. Since the founding of the X.Org Foundation in early 2004, many further releases have been issued, from X11R6.7 to the current 7.7.
The next section describes what is new in the latest full release (7.7) compared with the previous full release (7.6).
This is a sampling of the new features in X11R7.7. A more complete list of changes can be found in the ChangeLog files that are part of the source of each X module.
Multi-touch events are now supported for touchpads and touchscreens which can report position information on more than one finger providing input at the same time, such as found on many tablets and recent laptops. These are exposed by Xorg server 1.12 and later via the Xinput extension version 2.2.
Additional Xinput extension features were introduced in version 2.1, as supported in Xorg server 1.11, including allowing clients to track raw events from input devices, additional detail in scrolling events so that clients may perform smoother scrolling, and additional constants in the Xlib-based libXi API.
More progress has been made on the X.Org Documentation
modernization - the rest of the library and protocol specifications
have been converted to DocBook XML from the variety of formats they
were previously in, and support for cross-linking between documents
hase been added. On most systems these documents will be
installed under /usr/share/doc/. They
are also posted on the X.Org website at
http://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.7/.
Fence objects are now available in Version
3.1 of the Synchronization
(“Sync”) extension. These allow clients
to create a object that is either in “triggered”
or “not-triggered” state, and to perform actions
when the object becomes triggered. When a client requests a
fence be triggered, the X server will first complete all rendering
from previous requests that affects resources owned by the fence's
screen before changing the state, so that clients may synchronize
with such rendering. Support for these has been added to both
the libxcb-sync and
libXext API's.
Pointer barriers were added by X Fixes extension Version 5.0. Compositing managers and desktop environments may have UI elements in particular screen locations such that for a single-headed display they correspond to easy targets, for example, the top left corner. For a multi-headed environment these corners should still be semi-impermeable. Pointer barriers allow the application to define additional constraint on cursor motion so that these areas behave as expected even in the face of multiple displays.
Version 1.2 of the X Resource extension provides new requests that allow clients to query for additional identification information about other clients, such as their process id, and to request size information about the resources clients have allocated in the X server, to allow better observability and easier debugging of client resource allocations in the server.
The XCB libraries have begun adding support for the GLX and XKB extensions. This work is not yet complete in this release, and not all of the functionality available through these extensions is accessibile via the XCB APIs. Some of this effort was funded by past Google Summer of Code projects.
Video and input driver enhancements. Please see the ChangeLog files for individual drivers; there are far too many updates to list here.
... and the usual assortment of correctness and crash fixes.
On most platforms, X11R7.7 has a single hardware-driving X server binary called Xorg. This binary can dynamically load the video drivers, input drivers, and other modules that are needed. Xorg has currently has support for Linux, Solaris, and some BSD OSs on Alpha, PowerPC, IA-64, AMD64, Intel x86, Sparc, and MIPS platforms.
Additional specialized X server binaries may be found depending on the platform and build configuration, including:
is a proxy X server that uses one or more other X servers as its display devices. It provides multi-head X functionality for displays that might be located on different machines.
is a nested X server, that operates as both an X client and X server. Xnest is a client of the real server which manages windows and graphics requests on its behalf. Xnest is a server to its own clients, and manages windows and graphics requests on their behalf. To these clients, it appears to be a conventional server.
is a X server that outputs to a window on a pre-existing “host” X display. Unlike Xnest which is an X proxy, and thus limited to the capabilities of the host X server, Xephyr is a full X server which uses the host X server window as a “framebuffer” via fast SHM XImages.
is a virtual framebuffer X server that can run on machines with no display hardware and no physical input devices. It emulates a dumb framebuffer using virtual memory.
is an X server that interacts with the MacOS X native Aqua window system, displaying windows on the Mac desktop and accepting input from the Mac system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Mac desktop session.
is an X server that runs under the Cygwin environment, interacting with the Microsoft Windows native window system, displaying windows on the Windows desktop and accepting input from the Windows system devices, allowing X11 applications to be used in a native Windows desktop session.
X11R7.7 includes the following video drivers:
| Driver Name | Description | Further Information |
|---|---|---|
ark | Ark Logic | |
ast | ASPEED Technology | |
cirrus | Cirrus Logic | |
fbdev | Linux framebuffer device | fbdev(4) |
geode (*) | AMD Geode GX and LX | |
glint | 3Dlabs, TI | glint(4) |
i128 | Number Nine | README.I128, i128(4) |
intel | Intel Integrated Graphics Processors | README.intel, intel(4) |
mach64 | ATI Mach64 | README.ati |
mga | Matrox | mga(4) |
neomagic | NeoMagic | neomagic(4) |
newport (-) | SGI Newport | README.newport, newport(4) |
nv | NVIDIA | nv(4) |
r128 | ATI Rage128 | README.r128, r128(4) |
radeon | ATI Radeon | radeon(4) |
savage | S3 Savage | savage(4) |
siliconmotion | Silicon Motion | siliconmotion(4) |
sis | SiS | README.SiS, sis(4) |
suncg6 (+) | Sun GX and Turbo GX | |
sunffb (+) | Sun Creator/3D, Elite 3D | |
tdfx | 3Dfx Voodoo Banshee, 3, 4 & 5 | tdfx(4) |
tga | DEC TGA | README.DECtga |
trident | Trident | trident(4) |
v4l | Video4Linux | v4l(4) |
vesa | VESA | vesa(4) |
vmware | VMware guest OS | vmware(4) |
voodoo | 3Dfx Voodoo 1 & 2 | voodoo(4) |
wsfb | Workstation Framebuffer | wsfb(4) |
Drivers marked with (*) are present in a preliminary form in this release, but are not complete and/or stable yet.
Drivers marked with (+) are for Linux/Sparc only.
Drivers marked with (-) are for Linux/mips only.
X11R7.7 includes the following input drivers:
| Driver Name | Description | Further Information |
|---|---|---|
evdev(*) | Linux kernel EvDev | evdev(4) |
joystick | Joystick | joystick(4) |
kbd | generic keyboards (non-evdev systems) | kbd(4) |
mouse | most mouse devices (non-evdev systems) | mousedrv(4) |
synaptics | Synaptics & ALP touchpads | synaptics(4) |
vmmouse | VMWare virtual mouse | vmmousedrv(4) |
void | dummy device | void(4) |
Drivers marked with (*) are available for Linux only.
The Xorg server relies on the operating system's native module loader support for handling program modules. The X server makes use of modules for video drivers, X server extensions, input device drivers, framebuffer layers, and internal components used by some drivers (like XAA & EXA).
The module interfaces (both API and ABI) used in this release are subject to change without notice. While we will attempt to provide backward compatibility for the module interfaces in stable releases, we cannot guarantee this. Compatibility in the other direction is explicitly not guaranteed because new modules may rely on interfaces added in new releases, nor is compatibility across stable release branches (such as between Xorg 1.11 and 1.12).
The Xorg server runs with root privileges, so the Xorg server loadable modules also run with these privileges. For this reason we recommend that all users be careful to only use loadable modules from reliable sources, otherwise the introduction of malware and contaminated code can occur and wreak havoc on your system.
The Xorg server uses a configuration file as the primary mechanism for providing configuration and run-time parameters. The configuration file format is described in detail in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.
Note that this release features significant improvements
for running the server without a configuration file, so many users
may find that that they don't need a configuration file, or may
rely on just snippets of configuration placed in the
xorg.conf.d directory.
If you do need to customize the configuration file, see the xorg.conf manual page . You can also check the driver-specific manual pages and the related documentation (found at driver tables) also.
The recommended method for generating a configuration file is to use the Xorg server itself. Run as root:
Xorg -configure
and follow the instructions.
Command line options can be used to override some default parameters and parameters provided in the configuration file. Command line options available for use with all X servers in this release are described in the Xserver(1) manual page. Command line options specific to the Xorg server are described in the Xorg(1) manual page.
Some multi-head configurations are supported in X11R7.7. Support for multiple PCI/AGP cards may require a kernel with changes to support VGA arbitration.
One of the main problems is with drivers not sufficiently initializing cards that were not initialized at boot time. This has been improved somewhat with the INT10 support that is used by most drivers (which allows secondary card to be "soft-booted", but in some cases there are other issues that still need to be resolved. Some combinations can be made to work better by changing which card is the primary card (either by using a different PCI slot, or by changing the system BIOS's preference for the primary card).
Xinerama is an X server extension that allows multiple physical screens connected to multiple video devices to behave as a single screen. With traditional multi-head in X11, windows cannot span or cross physical screens. Xinerama removes this limitation. Xinerama does, however, require that the physical screens all have the same root depth, so it isn't possible, for example, to use an 8-bit screen together with a 16-bit screen in Xinerama mode.
Xinerama is not enabled by default, and can be enabled with the
+xinerama command line option for the X server.
Note that enabling Xinerama may disable certain other extensions
which are not compatible with Xinerama.
The VESA® Display Data Channel (DDC™) standard allows the monitor to tell the video card (or in some cases the computer directly) about itself; particularly the supported screen resolutions and refresh rates.
Partial or complete DDC support is available in most of the video
drivers. DDC is enabled by default, but can be disabled with a
"Device" section entry: Option
"NoDDC". We have support for DDC versions 1 and 2; these
can be disabled independently with Option
"NoDDC1" and Option
"NoDDC2".
At startup the server prints out DDC information from the display, and can use this information to set the default monitor parameters, or to warn about monitor sync limits if those provided in the configuration file don't match those that are detected.
The X server previously used DDC information to detect screen
size and pitch, and compute DPI automatically, allowing fonts
and other UI elements to automatically scale to appropriate
sizes. This mechanism worked reasonably well for many
single-monitor cases, but did not compute accurate DPI values
for multi-monitor cases or less common single-display setups.
Thus, this autodetection has been removed, and the X server no
longer tries to compute an appropriate DPI value. All users
wanting fonts, physical measurement units, and other UI elements
scaled appropriately for their display (including users for whom
autodetection previously worked) must now set DPI or some other
scaling factor explicitly, either via the X server's
-dpi option, a DPI setting in their graphical
enironment, or an alternate scaling mechanism provided by their
environment.
Direct rendered OpenGL® support is provided for several hardware platforms by the Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI). Further information about DRI can be found at the DRI Project's web site. The 3D core rendering component is provided by Mesa.
Of note is that this release supports building the X server using the system-wide libdrm. Previously, drm was kept in the server's tree and loaded as a module, rather than using the standard OS mechanisms for managing shared libraries of code. This requires that the server be built using a version of libdrm of 2.3.0 or newer if it is to use DRM.
The Xorg server has previously allowed users to exit the server by pressing the keys Control + Alt + Backspace. While this function is still enabled by default in this release, the keymap data usually used with Xorg, from the xkeyboard-config project, has been modified to not map that sequence by default, in order to reduce the chance that inexperienced users will accidentally destroy their work.
Users who wish to have this functionality available by default
may enable it via the XKB configuration option
“terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp”. For
instance, the setxkbmap command can be used
to enable this by running:
setxkbmap -option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
The XKB
Configuration Guide also includes
an example
xorg.conf.d file that sets the
“terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp”
option by default on all keyboards.
Many desktop environments include XKB configuration options in
their preferences to enable this as well.
The Xorg server in this release provides various functions that can be mapped to keystrokes to aid in the debugging of programs with errant input grabs.
The keysyms XF86LogGrabInfo and XF86LogWindowTree are defined to print information to the Xorg log file on the current set of input grabs, and the window tree of the current display. By default, these are available for use, but not mapped to any key.
The keysym XF86Ungrab forces the X server to release all active grabs, which may leave the clients holding them in an inconsistent state. XF86ClearGrab goes further, killing the client connection of any client holding an active grab when it is pressed. These keystrokes are intended to allow developers to debug clients which are not properly releasing grabs or have problems occur while input is grabbed. Since grabs are a fundamental part of the X client security model, these keystrokes come with risks, such as the ability to bypass or kill screen locks without knowing the password, and thus are not available by default.
Users who are willing to accept the security risk and wish to enable
this functionality may do so via the XKB configuration option
“grab:break_actions”.
The xkeyboard-config data files included in this release have the grab disabling keys correctly disabled by default, but versions before xkeyboard-config 2.5 had them enabled, leading to the security risk described above. When upgrading to the X server in this release be sure to also ensure xkeyboard-config is a safe version. More details about this issue may be found in advisories for CVE-2012-0064.
The X servers in the X11R7.7 release now start by default
with an empty black screen and do not draw the mouse cursor until
a client sets the cursor image. To restore the classic behavior
of starting with the grey weave pattern and × cursor, start
the X server with the -retro option.
Details about the font support in X11R7.7 can be found in the “Fonts in X11R7.7” document.
Previous versions of X installed font files under the
lib/X11/fonts subdirectory
of the X installation directory (for instance, in X11R6 releases,
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts
was commonly used). This release uses the default installation
path of the fonts
subdirectory of the datadir setting from the
GNU autoconf configuration. For instance, if the fonts are
configured with ./configure --prefix=/usr,
they will be installed under subdirectories of
/usr/share/fonts/X11.
The font module configure scripts all take an option of
--with-fontrootdir=
to override the default. If PATH--with-fontrootdir
is not specified, the fontutil pkg-config
file will be consulted to find the fontrootdir
specified when the fontutil module was
installed.
The X11R7.7 release supports PCF format bitmap fonts stored
uncompressed or compressed via the compress,
gzip, or bzip2 programs.
To utilize bzip2 compression, the libXfont
and mkfontscale modules must be built with
the --with-bzip2 — all other methods are
enabled by default.
To specify which compression method to use when installing
a font module from X11R7.7 the configure scripts accept
an option of
--with-compression=,
where TYPETYPE may be none,
compress, gzip, or
bzip2.
Previous versions of X came with two Postscript Type1 font backends. The functionality from the “Type1” backend has been replaced by the Type1 support in the “FreeType” backend.
Most of the modules in this release use stricter compiler flags
when building with the GNU gcc, LLVM clang, Oracle Solaris Studio,
or Intel compilers. These flags both enable more warnings, and
promote some warnings to fatal errors in the build. If these
flags cause your build to fail, you can disable the flags that
turn these selected warnings into errors by adding
--disable-selective-werror to the configure command
for the affected module. If that is necessary for any X.Org modules,
please report a bug in the xorg product on
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/.
Builders seeking even stricter compiler checks can instead pass
--enable-strict-compilation to the configure command
to make all warnings become errors.
Most of the modules in this release use the
AM_SILENT_RULES option of GNU automake 1.11.
When building the software, most output will show an abbreviated
format for the commands being run, such as:
CC xmen.o
To enable verbose output, showing all the arguments to the commands
being run, add the flag V=1 to the
make command line or add the flag
--disable-silent-rules to the configure command.
The bitmap font modules now accept a configure option of
--disable-all-encodings to set the default for
all encodings to off, requiring builders to then pass
--enable-
flags for each encoding to be built.
<encoding>
As many more modules now contain documentation to be converted from DocBook XML to text, HTML, PostScript, and/or PDF formats, new standard options have been added to the configure macros to control the build of these in the modules.
| Enables or disables use of the xmlto command to translate DocBook XML to other formats. All DocBook XML conversions require use of this command. |
| Enables or disables use of the Apache fop command to translate DocBook XML to PostScript and PDF formats. |
| Enables or disables the build and installation of all documentation except traditional man pages or those covered by the --enable-devel-docs and --enable-specs options. |
| Enables or disables the build and installation of documentation for developers of the X.Org software modules. |
| Enables or disables the build and installation of the formal specification documents for protocols and APIs. |
This section describes other items of note for the X11R7.7 release.
The socket directories created in /tmp
are now required to be owned by root and have their sticky-bit
set. If the permissions are not set correctly, the component
using this directory will print an error message and fail to
start. Common socket directories that are known to be
affected include:
/tmp/.font-unix
/tmp/.ICE-unix
/tmp/.X11-unix
These directories are used by the font server (xfs), applications using the Inter-Client Exchange protocol (ICE) and the X server, respectively.
There are several solutions to the problem of when to create these
directories. They could be created at install time by the system's
installer if the /tmp dir is
persistent. They could be created at boot time by the system's
boot scripts (e.g., the init.d
scripts). Or, they could be created by PAM modules at service
startup or user login time.
The solution chosen is platform dependent, and the system administrator should be able to handle creating those directories on any systems that do not have the correct ownership or permissions.
This section lists current plans for removal of obsolete or deprecated
components in the X.Org releases. As our releases are open source,
users who continue to require these can find the source in previous
releases and continue to use these, but the X.Org Foundation and its
volunteers have decided the burden of continued maintenance and
distribution in the core X11 releases outweighs the benefits of doing
so. In some cases, this is simply because no one has volunteered to do
continued maintenance, so if software is listed here that you need, you
can contact <xorg-devel@lists.x.org> to volunteer to
take over maintainership, either inside or outside of the Xorg release
process.
DGA version 2 | DGA 2.0 is included in 7.7. Documentation for the client libraries can be found in the XDGA(3) man page. DGA should be considered deprecated; if you are relying on it, please let us know what you need it for so we can find better solutions. In this release, support has been removed for all DGA rendering and mapping code, leaving just mode setting and raw input device access. |
Input device discovery via HAL |
Xorg server 1.4 started using the HAL
framework to discover connected input devices,
receive notification of hotplug events for them, and to
retrieve configuration parameters for them. The HAL
maintainers have since deprecated HAL, so the X.Org developers
have begun replacement with alternatives. As a result,
configuration of input devices via HAL
|
Nested and virtual X servers |
As described in the section called “Overview of X11R7.7”,
this release contains several X servers that either display
onto another X server (Xephyr &
Xnest), or render into a virtual memory
framebuffer (Xvfb &
Xfake). These may be replaced in a future
release by use of the Xorg server with the
|
Unmaintained drivers | This release no longer contains the following drivers, due to lack of maintainers with relevant hardware. Existing driver versions may work with current Xorg servers, but they are not being actively updated to support Xorg driver API & ABI changes.
|
This section lists the credits for the X11R7.7 release.
For a more detailed breakdown, refer to the ChangeLog file in
the source tree for each module, the history in the xorg product in
freedesktop.org's git repositories or the
'git log' information for individual source files.
The X Window System has been a collaborative effort from its inception. Our apologies for anyone or organization inadvertently overlooked. Many individuals (including major contributors) who worked on X are represented by their employers in this list. If you feel we have left anyone out, please let us know.
These people contributed in some way to X11R7.7 since the release of X11R7.6:
| Aapo Rantalainen | Lev Nezhdanov |
| Aaron Culich | Linus Arver |
| Aaron Plattner | Luc Verhaegen |
| Abdoulaye Walsimou Gaye | Maarten Lankhorst |
| Adam Jackson | Maarten Maathuis |
| Adam Tkac | Macpaul Lin |
| Adrian Bunk | Magnus Kessler |
| Alan Coopersmith | Marcin Kościelnicki |
| Alan Curry | Marcin Slusarz |
| Alan Hourihane | Marcin Woliński |
| Alban Browaeys | Marek Olšák |
| Albert Damen | Mario Kleiner |
| Aldis Berjoza | Mark Dokter |
| Alessandro Guido | Mark Kettenis |
| Alex Deucher | Mark Schreiber |
| Alex Plotnick | Marko Macek |
| Alexander Polakov | Marko Myllynen |
| Alexandr Shadchin | Markus Duft |
| Alexandre Julliard | Markus Fleschutz |
| Alexey Shumitsky | Mart Raudsepp |
| Alistair Leslie-Hughes | Martin Langhoff |
| Ander Conselvan de Oliveira | Martin-Éric Racine |
| Andrea Canciani | Marton Balint |
| Andreas Schwab | Matěj Cepl |
| Andreas Wettstein | Mathias Krause |
| Andrew Randrianasulu | Mathieu Bérard |
| Andrew Turner | Mathieu Taillefumier |
| Andy Furniss | Matt Dew |
| Anssi Hannula | Matt Turner |
| Antoine Martin | Matthew D. Fuller |
| Arkadiusz Miśkiewicz | matthew green |
| Armin K | Matthias Clasen |
| Arnaud Fontaine | Matthias Hopf |
| Arthur Taylor | Matthieu Herrb |
| Arvind Umrao | Matti Hamalainen |
| Avram Lyon | Max Schwarz |
| Bartosz Brachaczek | Maxim Iorsh |
| Bartosz Kosiorek | Mehdi Dogguy |
| Bastian Blank | meng |
| Bastien Nocera | Michael Chang |
| Ben Hutchings | Michael Larabel |
| Benjamin Close | Michael Olbrich |
| Benjamin Herrenschmidt | Michael Stapelberg |
| Benjamin Otte | Michael Thayer |
| Benjamin Tissoires | Michał Górny |
| Bernie Innocenti | Michal Marek |
| Bill Nottingham | Michał Masłowski |
| Bjørn Mork | Michal Suchanek |
| Bodo Graumann | Michel Dänzer |
| Bryce Harrington | Michel Hummel |
| Carl Worth | Mikael Magnusson |
| Carlos Garnacho | Mike Frysinger |
| Casper Dik | Mike Stroyan |
| Cédric Cano | Mikhail Gusarov |
| Chad Versace | Modestas Vainius |
| Chase Douglas | Mohammed Sameer |
| Choe Hwanjin | Nick Bowler |
| Chris Bagwell | Nicolai Stange |
| Chris Ball | Nicolas Cavallari |
| Chris Halse Rogers | Nicolas Joly |
| Chris Wilson | Nicolas Kaiser |
| Christian König | Nicolas Kalkhof |
| Christian Toutant | Nicolas Peninguy |
| Christian Weisgerber | Nikolai Kondrashov |
| Christoph Brill | Nils Wallménius |
| Christoph Reimann | Nithin Nayak Sujir |
| Christophe Roland | Nobuhiro Iwamatsu |
| Christopher James Halse Rogers | Olaf Buddenhagen |
| Christopher Yeleighton | Oldřich Jedlička |
| Clemens Eisserer | Oleh Nykyforchyn |
| Colin Harrison | Oliver McFadden |
| Cristian Rodríguez | Oliver Schmidt |
| Cyril Brulebois | Olivier Fourdan |
| Daiki Ueno | Olli Vertanen |
| Dan Horák | Ondrej Zary |
| Dan Nicholson | Owen Taylor |
| Daniel A. Steffen | Pander |
| Daniel Drake | Pär Lidberg |
| Daniel Kurtz | Parag Nemade |
| Daniel Stone | Patrick Curran |
| Daniel Vetter | Patrick E. Kane |
| Dave Airlie | Paul Fox |
| David Barksdale | Paul Menzel |
| David Coles | Paul Neumann |
| David Coppa | Pauli Nieminen |
| David Fries | Paulius Zaleckas |
| David Ge | Paulo Zanoni |
| David Nusinow | Pelle Johansson |
| David Reveman | Pete Beardmore |
| David Ronis | Peter Clifton |
| Denis 'GNUtoo' Carikli | Peter Harris |
| Derek Buitenhuis | Peter Hutterer |
| Derek Foreman | Peter Korsgaard |
| Derek Wang | Peter Zotov |
| Devin J. Pohly | Philip Langdale |
| Diego Elio Pettenò | Philipp Reh |
| Dirk Wallenstein | Phillp Haddad |
| dtakahashi42 | Pierre-Loup A. Griffais |
| Eamon Walsh | Priit Laes |
| Ed Schouten | Promathesh Mandal |
| Edward Sheldrake | Rami Ylimäki |
| Egbert Eich | Reinhard Karcher |
| Eitan Adler | Rémi Cardona |
| Elias Probst | Richard Hartmann |
| Elie Bleton | Rob Clark |
| Elvis Pranskevichus | Robert Ancell |
| Emanuele Giaquinta | Robert Bragg |
| Eoghan Sherry | Robert Hooker |
| Eric Anholt | Robert Morell |
| Erik Kilfoil | Roberto Branciforti |
| Erik Saule | Roger Cruz |
| Erkki Seppälä | Roland Cassard |
| Eugeni Dodonov | Roland Scheidegger |
| Evan Broder | Roman Jarosz |
| Fabio Pedretti | Ross Burton |
| Federico Mena Quintero | Rui Matos |
| Fernando Carrijo | Ryan Pavlik |
| Ferry Huberts | Sam Spilsbury |
| Francisco Jerez | Samuel Thibault |
| Frank Huang | Sascha Hlusiak |
| Frank Mariak | Satoshi KImura |
| Frédéric Boiteux | Scott James Remnant |
| Fredrik Höglund | Sebastian Glita |
| Fryderyk Dziarmagowski | Sedat Dilek |
| Gaetan Nadon | Sergey Samokhin |
| George Staplin | Sergey V. Udaltsov |
| Giuseppe Bilotta | Servaas Vandenberghe |
| Glenn Burkhardt | Siddhesh Poyarekar |
| Guillem Jover | Simon Farnsworth |
| György Balló | Simon Que |
| Hans Verkuil | Simon Thum |
| Hans-Juergen Mauser | Sitsofe Wheeler |
| Hans-Peter Budek | Søren Sandmann Pedersen |
| Harshula Jayasuriya | Stefan Dirsch |
| Havoc Pennington | Stefan Glasenhardt |
| Henry Zhao | Stefan Kost |
| Ian Osgood | Stefan Potyra |
| Ian Romanick | Stephan Hilb |
| Ilija Hadzic | Stephane Marchesin |
| Ivan Bulatovic | Stephen Turnbull |
| Jakob Bornecrantz | Stuart Kreitman |
| James Cloos | Takashi Iwai |
| James Jones | Terry Lambert |
| James Simmons | Thierry Vignaud |
| Jamey Sharp | Thomas Bächler |
| Jamie Kennea | Thomas Fjellstrom |
| Jan Hauffa | Thomas Hellström |
| Jan Kriho | Thomas Hoger |
| Janne Huttunen | Thordur Bjornsson |
| Jari Aalto | Tiago Vignatti |
| Javier Acosta | Till Matthiesen |
| Javier Jardón | Tim van der Molen |
| Javier Pello | Tim Yamin |
| Jay Cotton | Timo Aaltonen |
| Jeetu Golani | Tobias Droste |
| Jeff Chua | Tollef Fog Heen |
| Jens Elkner | Tom "spot" Callaway |
| Jeremy Huddleston | Tom Fogal |
| Jerome Carretero | Tomas Carnecky |
| Jerome Glisse | Tomas Frydrych |
| Jesse Adkins | Tomas Hoger |
| Jesse Barnes | Tomáš Trnka |
| Jian Zhao | Toralf Förster |
| JJ Ding | Tormod Volden |
| Joe Nahmias | Trevor Woerner |
| Joe Shaw | U. Artie Eoff |
| Joerg Sonnenberger | Uli Schlachter |
| Johannes Obermayr | Ulrich Müller |
| John Martin | Van de Bugger |
| Jon Nettleton | Vasily Khoruzhick |
| Jon TURNEY | Vasyĺ V. Vercynśkyj |
| Jools Wills | Victor Machado |
| Jordan Hayes | Ville Skyttä |
| Jörn Horstmann | Ville Syrjälä |
| Josh Triplett | Vincent Torri |
| Julien Cristau | Walter Bender |
| Julien Danjou | Walter Harms |
| Justin Dou | William Jon McCann |
| Justin Mattock | Xavier Bachelot |
| Kai-Uwe Behrmann | Xiang, Haihao |
| Kees Cook | Xue Wei |
| Keith Packard | Xunx Fang |
| Kenneth Graunke | Y.C. Chen |
| Kent Baxley | Yaakov Selkowitz |
| Kirill Elagin | Yann Droneaud |
| Knut Petersen | Yannick Heneault |
| Konstantin Belousov | Zack Rusin |
| Kristian Høgsberg | Zhao Yakui |
| Kristof Szabo | Zhenyu Wang |
| Krzysztof Halasa | Zhigang Gong |
| Kusanagi Kouichi | Zou Nan hai |
| Lennart Poettering |
and the members of the Translation Project.
This product includes software developed by:
| 2d3d Inc. | Kevin E. Martin |
| 3Dlabs Inc. Ltd. | Kim woelders |
| Aaron Plattner | Kristian Høgsberg |
| Adam de Boor | Larry Wall |
| Adam Jackson | Lars Knoll |
| Adobe Systems Inc. | Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory |
| Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Leif Delgass |
| After X-TT Project | Lennart Augustsson |
| AGE Logic Inc. | Leon Shiman |
| Alan Coopersmith | Lexmark International Inc. |
| Alan Cox | Linus Torvalds |
| Alan Hourihane | Linuxcare Inc. |
| Alexander Gottwald | Lorens Younes |
| Alex Deucher | Luc Verhaegen |
| Alex Williamson | Machine Vision Holdings Inc. |
| Alexei Gilchrist | Mandriva Linux |
| Anders Carlsson | Manfred Brands |
| Andreas Luik | Manish Singh |
| Andreas Monitzer | Marc Aurele La France |
| Andreas Robinson | Mark Adler |
| Andrei Barbu | Mark J. Kilgard |
| Andrew C Aitchison | Mark Kettenis |
| Andrey A. Chernov | Mark Leisher |
| Andy Ritger | Mark Smulders |
| Angus Lees | Mark Vojkovich |
| Ani Joshi | Martin Husemann |
| Anton Zioviev | Marvin Solomon |
| Apollo Computer Inc. | Massachusetts Inst. Of Technology |
| Apple Computer Inc. | Matrox Graphics |
| Apple Inc. | Matt Dew |
| Ares Software Corp. | Matthew Grossman |
| Arnaud LE HORS | Matthias Hopf |
| Arne Schwabe | Matthias Ihmig |
| ASPEED Technology Inc. | Matthieu Herrb |
| AT&T Inc. | Metro Link Inc. |
| ATI Technologies Inc. | Michal Rehacek |
| Bart Massey | Michael Bax |
| Bart Trojanowski, Symbio Technologies, LLC | Michael H. Schimek |
| BEAM Ltd. | Michael P. Marking |
| Benjamin Herrenschmidt | Michael Schimek |
| Benjamin Rienfenstahl | Michael Smith |
| Ben Skeggs | Michel Dänzer |
| Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute | Mike A. Harris |
| Bigelow and Holmes | Mike Harris |
| Bill Reynolds | Ming Yu |
| Bitstream Inc. | MIPS Computer Systems Inc. |
| Bogdan Diaconescu | MontaVista Software Inc. |
| Branden Robinson | National Security Agency |
| Brian Fundakowski Feldman | National Semiconductor |
| Brian Goines | NCR Corporation Inc. |
| Bogdan D. | Neil Brown |
| Brian Paul | NetBSD Foundation |
| Bruce Kalk | Netscape Communications Corp. |
| Bruno Haible | Network Computing Devices Inc. |
| Bryan Stine | New Mexico State University |
| Bryan W. Headley. | Nicholas Joly |
| C. Scott Ananian | Nicholas Miell |
| Carl Switzky | Nicholas Wourms |
| Catharon Productions Inc. | Nicolai Haehnle |
| Charles Murcko | Noah Levitt |
| Chen Xiangyang | Nolan Leake |
| Chisato Yamauchi | Nokia Corporation |
| Chris Constello | Nokia Home Communications |
| Chris Salch | Novell Inc. |
| Christian Thaeter | Nozomi YTOW |
| Christian Zietz | NTT Software Corporation |
| Cognition Corp. | Number Nine Computer Corp. |
| Compaq Computer Corporation | Number Nine Visual Technologies |
| Concurrent Computer Corporation | NVIDIA Corporation |
| Conectiva S.A. | Oivier Danet |
| Corin Anderson | Oki Technosystems Laboratory Inc. |
| Corvin Zahn. | Olivetti Research Limited |
| Cronyx Ltd. | OMRON Corporation |
| Craig Struble | Open Software Foundation |
| Daewoo Electronics Co. Ltd. | Open Text Corporation |
| Dag-Erling Smørgrav | OpenedHand Ltd. |
| Dale Schumacher | Oracle Corp. |
| Damien Miller | Orest Zborowski |
| Daniel Berrange | Owen Taylor |
| Daniel Borca | Pablo Saratxaga |
| Daniel Stone | Panacea Inc. |
| Daniver Limited | Panagiotis Tsirigotis |
| Daryll Strauss | Paolo Severini |
| Data General Corporation | Pascal Haible |
| Dave Airlie | Patrick Lecoanet |
| David Bateman | Patrick Lerda |
| David Dawes | Paul Anderson |
| David E. Wexelblat | Paul Elliott |
| David Holland | Paul Mackerras |
| David J. McKay | Peter Breitenlohner |
| David McCullough | Peter Hutterer |
| David Mosberger-Tang | Peter Kunzmann |
| David Reveman | Peter Osterlund |
| David S. Miller | Peter Trattler |
| David Woodhouse | Phil Karlton |
| Davor Matic | Philip Blundell |
| Deron Johnson | Philip Homburg |
| Digeo Inc. | Philip Langdale |
| Dennis De Winter | Precision Insight Inc. |
| Digital Equipment Corporation | Prentice Hall |
| Dirk Hohndel | Quarterdeck Office Systems |
| Dmitry Golubev | Radek Doulik |
| Donnie Berkholz | Ralf Habacker |
| DOS-EMU-Development-Team | Randy Hendry |
| Doug Anson | Ranier Keller |
| Drew Parsons | Red Hat Inc. |
| Earle F. Philhower III | Regis Cridlig |
| Edouard TISSERANT | Rene Cougnenc |
| Eduard Fuchs | Richard A. Hecker |
| Eduardo Horvath | Richard Burdick |
| Egbert Eich | Rich Murphey |
| Egmont Koblinger | Rickard E. Faith |
| Elliot Lee | Rik Faith |
| Eric Anholt | Robert Chesler |
| Eric Fortune | Robert Millan |
| Eric Sunshine | Robert V. Baron |
| Erik Fortune | Robert W. Scheifler |
| Erik Nygren | Robin Cutshaw |
| Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp. | Roland Mainz |
| Fabio Massimo Di Nitto | Roland Scheidegger |
| Fabrizio Gennari | Ronny Vindenes |
| Fedor P. Goncharov | Russ Blaine |
| Felix Kühling | Ryan Breen |
| Finn Thoegersen | Ryan Lortie |
| Francesco Zappa Nardelli | Ryan Underwood |
| Frank C. Earl | S. Lehner |
| Florian Loitsch | S3 Graphics Inc. |
| Francisco Jerez | Sam Leffler |
| Fred Hucht | Santa Cruz Operation Inc. |
| Frederic Lepied | Sascha Hlusiak. |
| Fredrik Höglund | SciTech Software |
| Free Software Foundation | Scott Laird |
| Fujitsu Limited | Sebastien Marineau |
| Fujitsu Open Systems Solutions Inc. | Serge Winitzki |
| Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | Sergey Vovk |
| Gaetan Nadon | Shigehiro Nomura |
| Gareth Hughes | ShoGraphics Inc. |
| Geert Uytterhoeven | Shunsuke Akiyama |
| George Fufutos | Silicon Graphics Computer Systems |
| George Sapountzis | Silicon Graphics, Inc. |
| Gerrit Jan Akkerman | Silicon Integrated Systems Corp |
| Gerry Toll | Silicon Motion Inc. |
| Ghozlane Toumi | Simon P. Cooper |
| Glenn G. Lai | Simon Thum |
| GNOME Foundation | Snitily Graphics Consulting Services |
| Go Watanabe | Sony Corporation |
| Google Summer of Code participants | Søren Sandmann |
| Greg Kroah-Hartman | SRI |
| Gregory Mokhin | Stanislav Brabec |
| Greg Parker | Stefan Bethge |
| GROUPE BULL | Stefan Dirsch |
| Guillem Jover | Stefan Gmeiner |
| Guy Martin | Stephane Marchesin |
| Hans Oey | Stephan Lang |
| Harald Koenig | Steven Lang |
| Harm Hanemaayer | Stuart Kreitman |
| Harold L Hunt II | Sun Microsystems Inc. |
| Harry Langenbacher | SunSoft Inc. |
| Hartwig Felger | SuSE Inc |
| Henry A. Worth | Sven Luther |
| Henry Davies | Takis Psarogiannakopoulos |
| Hewlett-Packard Company | Takuma Murakami |
| Hideki Hiura | Takuya SHIOZAKI |
| Hitachi Ltd. | T. A. Phelps |
| Holger Veit | Tektronix Inc. |
| Hong Bo Peng | Theo de Raadt |
| Howard Greenwell | Theodore Ts'o |
| Hummingbird Communications Ltd. | The Open Group |
| Ian Romanick | The Unichrome Project |
| IBM Corporation | The Weather Channel Inc. |
| Inst. of Software Academia Sinica | Thomas E. Dickey |
| Intel Corporation | Thomas G. Lane |
| INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation | Thomas Hellström |
| Itai Nahshon | Thomas Mueller |
| Itronix Inc. | Thomas Roell |
| Ivan Kokshaysky | Thomas Thanner |
| Ivan Pascal | Thomas Winischhofer |
| Jakub Jelinek | Thomas Wolfram |
| James Tsillas | Thorsten.Ohl |
| Jamey Sharp | Tiago Gons |
| Jason Bacon | Tilman Sauerbeck |
| Jaymz Julian | Todd C. Miller |
| Jean-loup Gailly | Tomohiro KUBOTA |
| Jeff Hartmann | Torrey Lyons |
| Jeff Kirk | Torrey T. Lyons |
| Jeffrey Hsu | TOSHIBA Corp. |
| Jehan Bing | Toshimitsu Tanaka |
| Jeremy C. Reed | Travis Tilley |
| Jeremy Katz | Trolltech AS |
| Jeremy Huddleston | Troy D. Hanson |
| Jerome Glisse | Tungsten Graphics Inc. |
| Jesse Barnes | Tuomas J. Lukka |
| Jim Gettys | Ty Sarna |
| Jim Tsillas | UCHIYAMA Yasushi |
| Joerg Sonnenberger | Unicode Inc. |
| John Dennis | UniSoft Group Limited |
| John Harper | University of California |
| John Heasley | University of South Australia |
| Jonathan Adamczewski | University of Utah |
| Jon Block | University of Wisconsin |
| Jon Smirl | UNIX System Laboratories Inc. |
| Jon Tombs | URW++ GmbH |
| Jörg Bösner | Valery Inozemtsev |
| Jorge Delgado | VA Linux Systems |
| José Fonseca | VIA Technologies Inc. |
| Josh Triplett | Video Electronics Standard Assoc. |
| Joseph Friedman | VMware Inc. |
| Joseph P. Skudlarek | Vrije Universiteit |
| Joseph V. Moss | Wittawat Yamwong |
| Julio M. Merino Vidal | Wyse Technology Inc. |
| Juan Romero Pardines | X Consortium |
| Juliusz Chroboczek | XFree86 Project Inc. |
| Jyunji Takagi | Xi Graphics Inc. |
| Kaleb Keithley | X-Oz Technologies |
| Kazushi (Jam) Marukawa | X-TrueType Server Project |
| Kazuyuki (ikko-) Okamoto | X.Org Foundation |
| Kazutaka YOKOTA | XGI Technology |
| Kean Johnston | Yu Shao |
| Keith Packard | Zack Rusin |
| Keith Whitwell | Zephaniah E. Hull |
| Kensuke Matsuzaki | Zhenyu Wang |
This product includes software developed by The XFree86 Project, Inc (http://www.xfree86.org/) and its contributors.
This product includes software that is based in part on the work of the FreeType Team (http://www.freetype.org/).
This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou.
This product includes software developed by the NetBSD Foundation, Inc. (http://www.netbsd.org/) and its contributors.
This product includes software developed by X-Oz Technologies (http://www.x-oz.com/).